![]() ![]() A scholar, publisher, and printer, he gained his reputation as a publisher of classical literature. Henri Estienne established himself sometime around the beginning of the 16th century. They are precise, mannered, delicate, and elegant. It is estimated that Vérard published more than 200 of these editions in a little more than 25 years, beginning in 1485. Books of the hours, introduced by one Antoine Vérard, whose tastes ran to illustrated and heavily ornamented pages bound in deluxe editions, were important influences in these directions. Their volumes, sumptuous more often than not, were characterized by minute attention to almost extravagant detailing. Perhaps because of the quasi-official nature of printing in France, French publishers early established and long maintained a reputation for careful and elegant work. Important influences in effecting the almost exclusive use of roman type were the printers Simon de Colines, Henri and Robert Estienne, Geoffroy Tory, and the man who was the world’s first commercial typefounder, Claude Garamond. The first book printed in France-a manual of instruction in Latin composition-was printed in an Antiqua type and though there is some history of the use of a mixed Gothic until about 1520, printers in France from the start led the way to establishing the predominance of roman and italic. But in France-where printing was from the first a sponsored activity-there were only two such centres: Lyon, from which significant printing largely disappeared after the Inquisition and Paris, where it was established in about 1470 by the rector and librarian of the Sorbonne, who invited three German printers to occupy university-owned property and who later supervised all of their work. In Germany and in Italy, the many centres of printing grew up for the most part in the centres of commerce. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. ![]() #WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives. ![]()
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